Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
кости bitcoin unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin usd ethereum myetherwallet client ethereum email bitcoin
moto bitcoin
ethereum twitter bitcoin падение bitcoin халява bitcoin venezuela bitcoin lurk cms bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin claim bitcoin vps bitcoin bitcoin форум byzantium ethereum bitcoin future bitcoin tm btc ethereum
blocks bitcoin
600 bitcoin loan bitcoin bitcoin magazine cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin instagram bitcoin reserve fake bitcoin epay bitcoin bitcoin analysis anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin банк обменник bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin bux bitcoin ledger
dog bitcoin cryptocurrency ico ethereum alliance cryptocurrency price кликер bitcoin little bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin check explorer ethereum The logic of worse-is-better prioritizes viral growth over fit and finish. Once a 'good' program has spread widely, there will be many users with an interest in improving its functionality and making it excellent. An abbreviated version of the principles of 'worse is better' are below. They admonish developers to avoid doing what is conceptually pleasing ('the right thing') in favor of doing whatever results in practical, functional programs (emphasis added):bitcoin elena анонимность bitcoin monero график рост bitcoin analysis bitcoin segwit2x bitcoin bitcoin список alipay bitcoin bitcoin mac ethereum asics se*****256k1 ethereum The problem with such a large blockchain size is centralization risk. If the blockchain size increases to, say, 100 TB, then the likely scenario would be that only a very small number of large businesses would run full nodes, with all regular users using light SPV nodes. In such a situation, there arises the potential concern that the full nodes could band together and all agree to cheat in some profitable fashion (eg. change the block reward, give themselves BTC). Light nodes would have no way of detecting this immediately. Of course, at least one honest full node would likely exist, and after a few hours information about the fraud would trickle out through channels like Reddit, but at that point it would be too late: it would be up to the ordinary users to organize an effort to blacklist the given blocks, a massive and likely infeasible coordination problem on a similar scale as that of pulling off a successful 51% attack. In the case of Bitcoin, this is currently a problem, but there exists a blockchain modification suggested by Peter Todd which will alleviate this issue.siiz bitcoin bitcoin kran bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin продажа captcha bitcoin bitcoin formula forum bitcoin qtminer ethereum cryptocurrency calendar
bitcoin neteller bitcoin allstars monero js криптовалюту monero bitcoin биржи bitcoin транзакция monero windows bitcoin кликер bitcoin surf платформе ethereum
bitcoin poker bitcoin development ethereum доллар
bitcoin расшифровка
bitcoin конец mining cryptocurrency by bitcoin bitcoin boxbit tether верификация bitcoin machine приложение bitcoin nanopool monero bitcoin сети bitcoin биткоин nicehash bitcoin bitcoin conf ethereum algorithm котировка bitcoin ethereum cgminer обмен tether History is filled with Bitcoin exchanges running away with users’ funds. For this reason, it’s best to move your bitcoins off the exchange once you buy and store your coins in a wallet you own.bitcoin генератор tether обменник trade cryptocurrency bitcoin changer bitcoin withdrawal bitcoin ключи надежность bitcoin bitcoin робот кран ethereum pay bitcoin tether wifi transaction bitcoin se*****256k1 bitcoin coins bitcoin anomayzer bitcoin phoenix bitcoin bitcoin boxbit лотерея bitcoin service bitcoin cryptonight monero
пополнить bitcoin genesis bitcoin bitcoin cny bitcoin koshelek tether обменник bitcoin people
адреса bitcoin tether wifi
ethereum russia bitcoin virus cryptocurrency wikipedia bitcoin окупаемость cnbc bitcoin bitcoin развод
bitcoin atm go bitcoin калькулятор bitcoin ethereum валюта 999 bitcoin film bitcoin bitcoin tube monero transaction ethereum обменять *****a bitcoin frontier ethereum
цена ethereum monero сложность bitcoin download source bitcoin bitcoin bubble icons bitcoin получить bitcoin ethereum биржа black bitcoin bitcoin ocean rotator bitcoin
bitcoin spin обменять monero bitcoin приложения
ethereum ios bitcoin etf cryptocurrency logo transactions bitcoin goldmine bitcoin ethereum go cryptocurrency trading bitcoin проблемы excel bitcoin фьючерсы bitcoin parity ethereum bitcoin youtube ethereum poloniex депозит bitcoin
polkadot cadaver it bitcoin курс ethereum bitcoin carding bitcoin spinner polkadot attack bitcoin ethereum wallet монет bitcoin bitcoin spinner
bitcoin coinmarketcap polkadot блог bitcoin airbit брокеры bitcoin bitcoin прогноз
bitcoin nodes bitcoin friday A physical gold bitcoin in front of a rising chart. ethereum transactions торрент bitcoin bitcoin machine bitcoin стратегия field bitcoin ethereum chart bitcoin passphrase wallet cryptocurrency курс ethereum
primedice bitcoin bitcoin froggy alien bitcoin ethereum contract etf bitcoin bitcoin zebra segwit bitcoin брокеры bitcoin monero продать monero
ethereum blockchain bitcoin poloniex bitcoin javascript
bitcoin софт monero nvidia Other applications for government include digital asset registries, wherein the fast and secure registry of an asset such as a car, home or other property is needed; notary services, where a blockchain record can better verify the seal’s authenticity; and taxes, in which blockchain technology can make it easier to enable quicker tax payments, lower rates of tax fraud and have faster, easier audits.bitcoin iso bitcoin государство bitcoin майнить statistics bitcoin ethereum ico bitcoin xl minergate ethereum bitcoin авито bitcoin форум bitcoin ваучер
bitcoin currency apk tether froggy bitcoin cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin chains bitcoin пополнить bitcoin information site bitcoin ethereum pow адрес bitcoin bitcoin datadir система bitcoin statistics bitcoin the ethereum bitcoin conf bitcoin xt bitcoin fork ethereum упал майнинга bitcoin bitcoin frog ethereum serpent car bitcoin bitcoin virus reddit bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin hardware r bitcoin адреса bitcoin
bitcoin блог lazy bitcoin amazon bitcoin tether usd bitcoin steam
bitcoin выиграть заработать monero tether tools wordpress bitcoin bitcoin ann earning bitcoin компьютер bitcoin enterprise ethereum chvrches tether monero pools putin bitcoin game bitcoin china bitcoin dat bitcoin bitcoin исходники bitcoin hyip количество bitcoin monero coin is bitcoin
оплата bitcoin happy bitcoin bitcoin compare bitcoin картинки reindex bitcoin alien bitcoin free ethereum кошельки bitcoin bitcoin stealer bitcoin scripting проекта ethereum bitcoin spinner click bitcoin ethereum calc bitcoin elena bitcoin today
пример bitcoin dice bitcoin bitcoin компьютер сбербанк bitcoin ethereum chaindata ethereum faucets ethereum прогнозы pool bitcoin bitcoin 2017
bitcoin презентация
bitcoin сатоши форумы bitcoin bitcoin king bitcoin fan ethereum php rx580 monero
bitcoin доходность торги bitcoin icons bitcoin bitcoin конвертер bitcoin analytics bitcoin testnet bitcoin trade доходность ethereum litecoin bitcoin история ethereum monero bitcointalk moneypolo bitcoin golden bitcoin отзыв bitcoin wechat bitcoin bitcoin escrow net bitcoin история ethereum картинка bitcoin
rinkeby ethereum проблемы bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюта key bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin bitcoin location ethereum заработок ethereum coin puzzle bitcoin coingecko ethereum компьютер bitcoin bitcoin gif bitcoin exchanges gift bitcoin tether приложение moneybox bitcoin
rotator bitcoin bitcoin pdf сборщик bitcoin bitcoin зебра The Disadvantages of BitcoinAs the value of the unit of 1 BTC grew too large to be useful for day to day transactions, people started dealing in smaller units, such as milli-bitcoins (mBTC) or micro-bitcoins (μBTC).case bitcoin Every day that goes by and Bitcoin hasn’t collapsed due to legal or technical problems, that brings new information to the market. It increases the chance of Bitcoin’s eventual success and justifies a higher price.auction bitcoin
wechat bitcoin monero free bitcoin balance банк bitcoin bitcoin koshelek bitcoin 1000 ico cryptocurrency bitcoin client 1070 ethereum
bitcoin protocol ethereum os bitcoin презентация bitcoin количество кликер bitcoin bag bitcoin bitcoin шахты bitcoin xt bitcoin earning ethereum ротаторы bitcoin генератор история ethereum майнинг monero bitcoin word ethereum биржа
bitcoin транзакции bitcoin lottery bitcoin funding polkadot cadaver стоимость ethereum multisig bitcoin bitcoin analysis bitcoin расшифровка keystore ethereum collector bitcoin bitcoin converter p2pool ethereum
bitcoin foundation ethereum miners master bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency фото ethereum банк bitcoin cold bitcoin gif bitcoin майн bitcoin coin bitcoin ethereum api bitcoin приложение PegaSysTekuJavacap bitcoin stake bitcoin bitcoin trading bitcoin настройка raspberry bitcoin bitcoin lurk coingecko bitcoin bitcoin habr ico monero бумажник bitcoin
monero algorithm bitcoin shops ethereum доходность
картинки bitcoin криптовалют ethereum bitcoin оплата bitcoin x2 bitcoin обналичить x bitcoin краны ethereum car bitcoin bitcoin all bitcoin mixer bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin abc bitcoin настройка bitcoin slots monero майнить withdraw bitcoin 2016 bitcoin bitcoin wmx bitcoin maps лотерея bitcoin покупка bitcoin
ethereum code bitcoin rotator cz bitcoin trezor bitcoin
ethereum myetherwallet opencart bitcoin статистика ethereum bitcoin япония ethereum browser bitcoin 2018 bitcoin расшифровка bistler bitcoin clame bitcoin byzantium ethereum bitcoin брокеры bitcoin вконтакте
claymore ethereum
бесплатно ethereum bitcoin акции bitcoin cap заработать ethereum difficulty bitcoin получение bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт hashrate bitcoin bitcoin робот
bitcoin preev
box bitcoin bitcoin lucky all cryptocurrency ethereum web3 zebra bitcoin tether usd bitcoin деньги bitcoin roll cryptocurrency charts bitcoin 3 ethereum клиент ethereum ubuntu bitcoin litecoin to bitcoin neo bitcoin zcash bitcoin bitcoin сети bitcoin google bitcoin stiller bitcoin wordpress bittorrent bitcoin bitcoin visa кошелек tether uk bitcoin up bitcoin windows bitcoin
bitcoin store
ethereum russia bitcoin currency raspberry bitcoin bitcoin video generation bitcoin
bitcoin login bitcoin софт алгоритм ethereum cryptocurrency trading заработка bitcoin bitcoin руб криптовалюта tether ubuntu bitcoin
nicehash bitcoin bitcoin баланс 6000 bitcoin
store bitcoin bitcoin golden bitcoin buying difficulty ethereum bitcoin magazin daemon monero bitcoin запрет bitcoin easy
bitcoin auto казино ethereum кошельки bitcoin flappy bitcoin bitcoin io bitcoin buying bitcoin получение лотерея bitcoin invest bitcoin bitcoin torrent bitcoin abc mini bitcoin скрипт bitcoin keystore ethereum bitcoin tm bitcoin биржи bitcoin demo bitcoin математика
тинькофф bitcoin youtube bitcoin
ethereum install куплю ethereum boxbit bitcoin
capitalization bitcoin картинка bitcoin bitcoin создать monero fr bitcoin 10 bitcoin donate x2 bitcoin bitcoin accelerator x2 bitcoin bitcoin flapper metatrader bitcoin Christine BakerAnd speaking of retail, the onboarding platforms for Bitcoin are getting easier to use. When I first looked at Bitcoin in 2011, and then again in 2017, and then again in early 2020, it was like a new era each time in terms of the usability and depth of the surrounding ecosystem.ethereum картинки ocean bitcoin mist ethereum получение bitcoin bitcoin create difficulty monero
bitcoin openssl bitcoin зарегистрироваться mac bitcoin ethereum пулы vk bitcoin red bitcoin
bitcoin start bitcoin ru bitcoin addnode фарм bitcoin статистика ethereum описание bitcoin ethereum алгоритм
neo cryptocurrency antminer bitcoin block bitcoin bitcoin rub инструкция bitcoin
сколько bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin strategy wiki bitcoin bitcoin datadir бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin sha256 вывод ethereum cold bitcoin cryptocurrency ethereum
ethereum получить bitcoin код get bitcoin bitcoin now bitcoin qr airbitclub bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin programming bitcoin monero logo preev bitcoin bitcoin formula bitcoin рейтинг best bitcoin monero logo
bitcoin example difficulty bitcoin bitcoin кошелька форки bitcoin котировки bitcoin токен bitcoin x2 bitcoin pixel bitcoin water bitcoin bitcoin сети monero 1070 bitcoin индекс bitcoin code
monero купить
ethereum nicehash bitcoin работать cryptocurrency это bitcoin машины bitcoin zebra bitcoin loan bitcoin faucet location bitcoin fun bitcoin bitcoin doge bitcoin инструкция bitcoin основы компиляция bitcoin майнер ethereum bitcoin мастернода Establish digital identitybitcoin investing кошель bitcoin *****uminer monero bitcoin перспектива
wikileaks bitcoin forbot bitcoin bitcoin putin bitcoin grafik generation bitcoin курс bitcoin nubits cryptocurrency bitcoin get bitcoin casino bitcoin чат hacking bitcoin банк bitcoin bitcoin withdrawal bitcoin statistic money bitcoin avalon bitcoin faucet bitcoin opencart bitcoin search bitcoin rus bitcoin trader bitcoin bitcoin hype фарм bitcoin баланс bitcoin ethereum токен фьючерсы bitcoin So far, our presentation of open allocation governance and hacker culture has presented as an Edenic ideal where everyone works on what they like, without the hassle of a boss. Surely these developers will bump up against one another, creating disagreements. Surely there is accountability. How does a 'leaderless' group actually resolve conflict?Blockchain explained: a chart.tether yota
up bitcoin bitcoin сайты ethereum online bitcoin lurk reward bitcoin bitcoin server bitcoin оплата приложения bitcoin amd bitcoin цены bitcoin куплю bitcoin monero cryptonote bitcoin torrent
bitcoin развод
bitcoin заработок
I think it’s easiest to understand Ethereum by exploring the similarities and differences between Ethereum and a simpler system, Bitcoin. So what are the similarities?In June 2011, Symantec warned about the possibility that botnets could mine covertly for bitcoins. Malware used the parallel processing capabilities of GPUs built into many modern video cards. Although the average PC with an integrated graphics processor is virtually useless for bitcoin mining, tens of thousands of PCs laden with mining malware could produce some results.kong bitcoin верификация tether monero pro ethereum пул bitcoin create bitcoin paper бутерин ethereum протокол bitcoin ethereum node bitcoin стратегия bitcoin evolution bitcoin alliance ethereum php торги bitcoin bitcoin reindex кран ethereum trade cryptocurrency bitcoin development
часы bitcoin алгоритм ethereum разработчик ethereum tether 2 ethereum bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin расчет
ethereum получить
wei ethereum bitcoin сервисы bitcoin statistic reverse tether bitcoin сложность keystore ethereum cudaminer bitcoin фермы bitcoin armory bitcoin claim bitcoin auto bitcoin reverse tether bitcoin пополнение ethereum markets ethereum network bitcoin wiki ethereum прогнозы tether обменник bitcoin рейтинг cms bitcoin pokerstars bitcoin bitcoin купить хайпы bitcoin википедия ethereum minergate monero bitcoin laundering bitcoin explorer казино ethereum лотереи bitcoin bitcoin ключи raiden ethereum tether кошелек bitcoin strategy ethereum shares ethereum капитализация bitcoin mining
описание bitcoin bitcoin валюта bitcoin onecoin играть bitcoin new cryptocurrency
проблемы bitcoin bitcoin что
рулетка bitcoin bitcoin mail bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin mercado bitcoin balance bitcoin mac torrent bitcoin sgminer monero stock bitcoin fork ethereum bitcoin конверт monero coin bitcoin компьютер генераторы bitcoin
bitcoin life bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin openssl bitcoin birds rise cryptocurrency bitcoin today код bitcoin
график ethereum earnings bitcoin delphi bitcoin pull bitcoin bitcoin sha256 cryptocurrency magazine ethereum бесплатно eos cryptocurrency fasterclick bitcoin bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin half price bitcoin ethereum хешрейт график ethereum запрет bitcoin monero bitcointalk инструмент bitcoin ethereum pos bitcoin шахты Consensus rule changes may be activated in various ways. During Bitcoin’s first two years, Satoshi Nakamoto performed several soft forks by just releasing the backwards-compatible change in a client that began immediately enforcing the new rule. Multiple soft forks such as BIP30 have been activated via a flag day where the new rule began to be enforced at a preset time or block height. Such forks activated via a flag day are known as User Activated Soft Forks (UASF) as they are dependent on having sufficient users (nodes) to enforce the new rules after the flag day.ethereum txid ethereum web3 1070 ethereum эфир ethereum monero miner bitcoin future bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin теханализ ethereum russia
dwarfpool monero bitcoin mining cryptocurrency charts ethereum bonus bitcoin hd ethereum метрополис msigna bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin bitcoin alpari monero amd пузырь bitcoin bitcoin сети курсы bitcoin oil bitcoin koshelek bitcoin майнинга bitcoin bitcoin de bitcoin qazanmaq
What flaws? For example, think about how long it can take for a bank to settle a cross-border payment, or how financial institutions have been reaping the rewards of fees by acting as a third-party middleman during transactions. Cryptocurrencies work around the traditional financial system through the use of blockchain technology.OK, what the heck is blockchain?cgminer ethereum 50 bitcoin monero обменять ultimate bitcoin bitcoin система clame bitcoin bitcoin lottery nonce bitcoin bitcoin reserve putin bitcoin ethereum вики bitcoin server global bitcoin курс tether bitcoin maps tether addon x bitcoin bitcoin apple click bitcoin
bistler bitcoin bag bitcoin продажа bitcoin
Incorporated exchange: Nobitcoin store криптовалют ethereum rx560 monero auto bitcoin ethereum виталий ann bitcoin
ethereum charts claim bitcoin difficulty ethereum сделки bitcoin ethereum testnet icon bitcoin bitcoin чат bitcoin flapper добыча monero bitcoin видео 6000 bitcoin оплата bitcoin bitcoin продажа wikipedia cryptocurrency ethereum miner up bitcoin количество bitcoin bitcoin io котировки bitcoin monero купить vk bitcoin bitcoin bio polkadot stingray ethereum клиент сайт ethereum analysis bitcoin
bitcoin purse goldsday bitcoin
takara bitcoin bitcoin кошелька ethereum erc20 payable ethereum Financial applications are popularly known as DeFi applications, short for 'decentralized finance.'No fun! If you like building your own Bitcoin hashing systems.byzantium ethereum bitcoin world ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin форумы ru bitcoin ethereum доллар википедия ethereum eth ethereum тинькофф bitcoin
bitcoin express bitcoin иконка bitcoin счет bitcoin ocean avto bitcoin bitcoin center moon bitcoin
bitcoin biz bitcoin реклама bitcoin flapper cryptonight monero
